PostgreSQL thay thế chức năng thực thể HTML

Có, có thể thay thế HTML hoặc các thực thể ký tự khác bằng các ký tự tương ứng bằng cách sử dụng một hàm. Đầu tiên, hãy tạo một bảng thực thể ký tự:

create table character_entity(
    name text primary key,
    ch char(1) unique
);
insert into character_entity (ch, name) values
    (E'\u00C6','AElig'),(E'\u00C1','Aacute'),(E'\u00C2','Acirc'),(E'\u00C0','Agrave'),(E'\u0391','Alpha'),(E'\u00C5','Aring'),(E'\u00C3','Atilde'),(E'\u00C4','Auml'),(E'\u0392','Beta'),(E'\u00C7','Ccedil'),
    (E'\u03A7','Chi'),(E'\u2021','Dagger'),(E'\u0394','Delta'),(E'\u00D0','ETH'),(E'\u00C9','Eacute'),(E'\u00CA','Ecirc'),(E'\u00C8','Egrave'),(E'\u0395','Epsilon'),(E'\u0397','Eta'),(E'\u00CB','Euml'),
    (E'\u0393','Gamma'),(E'\u00CD','Iacute'),(E'\u00CE','Icirc'),(E'\u00CC','Igrave'),(E'\u0399','Iota'),(E'\u00CF','Iuml'),(E'\u039A','Kappa'),(E'\u039B','Lambda'),(E'\u039C','Mu'),(E'\u00D1','Ntilde'),
    (E'\u039D','Nu'),(E'\u0152','OElig'),(E'\u00D3','Oacute'),(E'\u00D4','Ocirc'),(E'\u00D2','Ograve'),(E'\u03A9','Omega'),(E'\u039F','Omicron'),(E'\u00D8','Oslash'),(E'\u00D5','Otilde'),(E'\u00D6','Ouml'),
    (E'\u03A6','Phi'),(E'\u03A0','Pi'),(E'\u2033','Prime'),(E'\u03A8','Psi'),(E'\u03A1','Rho'),(E'\u0160','Scaron'),(E'\u03A3','Sigma'),(E'\u00DE','THORN'),(E'\u03A4','Tau'),(E'\u0398','Theta'),
    (E'\u00DA','Uacute'),(E'\u00DB','Ucirc'),(E'\u00D9','Ugrave'),(E'\u03A5','Upsilon'),(E'\u00DC','Uuml'),(E'\u039E','Xi'),(E'\u00DD','Yacute'),(E'\u0178','Yuml'),(E'\u0396','Zeta'),(E'\u00E1','aacute'),
    (E'\u00E2','acirc'),(E'\u00B4','acute'),(E'\u00E6','aelig'),(E'\u00E0','agrave'),(E'\u2135','alefsym'),(E'\u03B1','alpha'),(E'\u0026','amp'),(E'\u2227','and'),(E'\u2220','ang'),(E'\u00E5','aring'),
    (E'\u2248','asymp'),(E'\u00E3','atilde'),(E'\u00E4','auml'),(E'\u201E','bdquo'),(E'\u03B2','beta'),(E'\u00A6','brvbar'),(E'\u2022','bull'),(E'\u2229','cap'),(E'\u00E7','ccedil'),(E'\u00B8','cedil'),
    (E'\u00A2','cent'),(E'\u03C7','chi'),(E'\u02C6','circ'),(E'\u2663','clubs'),(E'\u2245','cong'),(E'\u00A9','copy'),(E'\u21B5','crarr'),(E'\u222A','cup'),(E'\u00A4','curren'),(E'\u21D3','dArr'),
    (E'\u2020','dagger'),(E'\u2193','darr'),(E'\u00B0','deg'),(E'\u03B4','delta'),(E'\u2666','diams'),(E'\u00F7','divide'),(E'\u00E9','eacute'),(E'\u00EA','ecirc'),(E'\u00E8','egrave'),(E'\u2205','empty'),
    (E'\u2003','emsp'),(E'\u2002','ensp'),(E'\u03B5','epsilon'),(E'\u2261','equiv'),(E'\u03B7','eta'),(E'\u00F0','eth'),(E'\u00EB','euml'),(E'\u20AC','euro'),(E'\u2203','exist'),(E'\u0192','fnof'),
    (E'\u2200','forall'),(E'\u00BD','frac12'),(E'\u00BC','frac14'),(E'\u00BE','frac34'),(E'\u2044','frasl'),(E'\u03B3','gamma'),(E'\u2265','ge'),(E'\u003E','gt'),(E'\u21D4','hArr'),(E'\u2194','harr'),
    (E'\u2665','hearts'),(E'\u2026','hellip'),(E'\u00ED','iacute'),(E'\u00EE','icirc'),(E'\u00A1','iexcl'),(E'\u00EC','igrave'),(E'\u2111','image'),(E'\u221E','infin'),(E'\u222B','int'),(E'\u03B9','iota'),
    (E'\u00BF','iquest'),(E'\u2208','isin'),(E'\u00EF','iuml'),(E'\u03BA','kappa'),(E'\u21D0','lArr'),(E'\u03BB','lambda'),(E'\u2329','lang'),(E'\u00AB','laquo'),(E'\u2190','larr'),(E'\u2308','lceil'),
    (E'\u201C','ldquo'),(E'\u2264','le'),(E'\u230A','lfloor'),(E'\u2217','lowast'),(E'\u25CA','loz'),(E'\u200E','lrm'),(E'\u2039','lsaquo'),(E'\u2018','lsquo'),(E'\u003C','lt'),(E'\u00AF','macr'),
    (E'\u2014','mdash'),(E'\u00B5','micro'),(E'\u00B7','middot'),(E'\u2212','minus'),(E'\u03BC','mu'),(E'\u2207','nabla'),(E'\u00A0','nbsp'),(E'\u2013','ndash'),(E'\u2260','ne'),(E'\u220B','ni'),
    (E'\u00AC','not'),(E'\u2209','notin'),(E'\u2284','nsub'),(E'\u00F1','ntilde'),(E'\u03BD','nu'),(E'\u00F3','oacute'),(E'\u00F4','ocirc'),(E'\u0153','oelig'),(E'\u00F2','ograve'),(E'\u203E','oline'),
    (E'\u03C9','omega'),(E'\u03BF','omicron'),(E'\u2295','oplus'),(E'\u2228','or'),(E'\u00AA','ordf'),(E'\u00BA','ordm'),(E'\u00F8','oslash'),(E'\u00F5','otilde'),(E'\u2297','otimes'),(E'\u00F6','ouml'),
    (E'\u00B6','para'),(E'\u2202','part'),(E'\u2030','permil'),(E'\u22A5','perp'),(E'\u03C6','phi'),(E'\u03C0','pi'),(E'\u03D6','piv'),(E'\u00B1','plusmn'),(E'\u00A3','pound'),(E'\u2032','prime'),
    (E'\u220F','prod'),(E'\u221D','prop'),(E'\u03C8','psi'),(E'\u0022','quot'),(E'\u21D2','rArr'),(E'\u221A','radic'),(E'\u232A','rang'),(E'\u00BB','raquo'),(E'\u2192','rarr'),(E'\u2309','rceil'),
    (E'\u201D','rdquo'),(E'\u211C','real'),(E'\u00AE','reg'),(E'\u230B','rfloor'),(E'\u03C1','rho'),(E'\u200F','rlm'),(E'\u203A','rsaquo'),(E'\u2019','rsquo'),(E'\u201A','sbquo'),(E'\u0161','scaron'),
    (E'\u22C5','sdot'),(E'\u00A7','sect'),(E'\u00AD','shy'),(E'\u03C3','sigma'),(E'\u03C2','sigmaf'),(E'\u223C','sim'),(E'\u2660','spades'),(E'\u2282','sub'),(E'\u2286','sube'),(E'\u2211','sum'),
    (E'\u2283','sup'),(E'\u00B9','sup1'),(E'\u00B2','sup2'),(E'\u00B3','sup3'),(E'\u2287','supe'),(E'\u00DF','szlig'),(E'\u03C4','tau'),(E'\u2234','there4'),(E'\u03B8','theta'),(E'\u03D1','thetasym'),
    (E'\u2009','thinsp'),(E'\u00FE','thorn'),(E'\u02DC','tilde'),(E'\u00D7','times'),(E'\u2122','trade'),(E'\u21D1','uArr'),(E'\u00FA','uacute'),(E'\u2191','uarr'),(E'\u00FB','ucirc'),(E'\u00F9','ugrave'),
    (E'\u00A8','uml'),(E'\u03D2','upsih'),(E'\u03C5','upsilon'),(E'\u00FC','uuml'),(E'\u2118','weierp'),(E'\u03BE','xi'),(E'\u00FD','yacute'),(E'\u00A5','yen'),(E'\u00FF','yuml'),(E'\u03B6','zeta'),
    (E'\u200D','zwj'),(E'\u200C','zwnj')
;

Đây là chức năng:

create or replace function entity2char(t text)
returns text as $body$
declare
    r record;
begin
    for r in
        select distinct ce.ch, ce.name
        from
            character_entity ce
            inner join (
                select name[1] "name"
                from regexp_matches(t, '&([A-Za-z]+?);', 'g') r(name)
            ) s on ce.name = s.name
    loop
        t := replace(t, '&' || r.name || ';', r.ch);
    end loop;

    for r in
        select distinct
            hex[1] hex,
            ('x' || repeat('0', 8 - length(hex[1])) || hex[1])::bit(32)::int codepoint
        from regexp_matches(t, '&#x([0-9a-f]{1,8}?);', 'gi') s(hex)
    loop
        t := regexp_replace(t, '&#x' || r.hex || ';', chr(r.codepoint), 'gi');
    end loop;

    for r in
        select distinct
            chr(codepoint[1]::int) ch,
            codepoint[1] codepoint
        from regexp_matches(t, '&#([0-9]{1,10}?);', 'g') s(codepoint)
    loop
        t := replace(t, '&#' || r.codepoint || ';', r.ch);
    end loop;

    return t;
end;
$body$
language plpgsql immutable;

Sử dụng nó như thế này:

select entity2char('HH&#9632;XXX&AElig;YYY&times;ZZZ&#x25a0;UUU');
    entity2char     
--------------------
 HH■XXXÆYYY×ZZZ■UUU

Nó chỉ hoạt động cho UTF-8.